Because it is a bacterium present and frequent in cattle, there is no way to liquidate it and in this case we must only control its population.The cold has arrived and, despite being in the middle of autumn, we have noticed large drops in temperatures, with daily fluctuations in almost all of Brazil.During the day we have 18 to 25ºC, but at the end of the afternoon and during the dawn the thermometers hit 5, 4 and 1ºC, so there is no health that can stand it!The flu really appears!Just like us humans, animals suffer from the same ailment.We know that animals of Bos taurus origin, such as Holstein dairy cattle or beef cattle, such as Angus or Hereford, perform and produce more in mild temperature conditions, due to greater thermal comfort.On the other hand, animals of Bos indicus origin, such as Nelore, feel more when the temperature is low, as they are used to performing their productive potential at higher temperatures.However, sudden temperature variations directly impact the immune system, weakening it and, thus, predisposing to respiratory conditions regardless of animal origin.The respiratory tract of cattle presents two types of barriers: physical and immunological.The physical barrier is formed by cilia that constantly move from the inside out, thus expelling disease-causing pathological agents.The immune barrier is composed of defense cells that act against invaders that enter the animal's system.Physical barriers are compromised mainly in the dry months of the year, as there is a large presence of dust that “sticks” to the cilia, preventing their movement and, with this, bacteria enter and colonize the lungs easily.That is why it is common for animals that live close to roads, areas of open fields and only with prepared land, as well as confinements, to be the most affected due to the intense presence of dust around.However, in the current situation of thermal oscillation, there is no immunity to support such oscillation and with that, pneumonia appears even out of season!And it's easy to notice the sick animals in the herd.The pneumonia picture is similar to ours, that is, sero-mucous secretions are observed at the beginning (with an egg white appearance), and with the passing of days and the severity of the disease, they evolve into purulent mucus (yellow-greenish phlegm). ) to purulent (greenish, thick and intense phlegm).It is also common to observe a slight depression, loss of appetite, isolation from the others in the lot, cough, deep emptiness and fever (temperature above 40 degrees), still tearing, runny nose and breathing difficulties.In addition, the animals show a drop in productivity, reducing the production of meat or milk.Have you ever stopped to do the math on the size of the productive impact?Let's go: the incidence of pneumonia indicated in a national study showed that 8.3% of the animals showed some degree of pulmonary consolidation, that is, the pulmonary “scar” of treated or spontaneously cured pneumonias.As for the zootechnical performance, a beef cattle with pneumonia loses from 50 to 200g/day and, in dairy cattle, the productive impact reaches 10 to 30% of milk breakage.In beef cattle, for every 100 animals, eight to nine have a certain degree of pneumonia and if they are in a confined fattening regime, which lasts from 90 to 120 days in the trough, we can have six to 24 kg less on the scale per animal.That is, in the same batch, the impact would be from 54 to 216 kg that were lost and, converted into arrobas, the loss was from 3.6 to 7.2@.With the current price of the arroba in the square of São Paulo – R$ 301, the financial impact would be from R$ 1,083 to R$ 2,167.A huge loss these days when prices/costs have risen on the national scene.Now imagine the dairy cattle.If you have the same 100 animals, but from dairy cows and producing an average of 12 liters/milk/day, your estimated production is 1,200 liters and within that batch, we will also have 8 to 9 animals with subclinical pneumonia, which will produce 10.8 to 8.4 liters, that is, its daily production is from 1,190 to 1,167.In summary, from 10 to 33 liters less day and, with an average price of R$ 2.5/liter, our producer friend would not pocket from R$ 25 to R$ 82.5/day.At the end of the month, from R$750 to R$2,475.But, unlike beef cattle that stay up to 120 days, the dairy cow produces for 240 to 270 days.the final damage is too great!But rest assured that pneumonia has treatment and prevention!As long as it is identified quickly, the animal will return to normal production and the economic impact will be very small.We must be aware of the first signs mentioned above and treat them quickly.As the main bacterium that affects cattle comes from the upper airways and is part of the flora of the oro-nasal cavity, we are talking about Mannheimia haemolytica (Old Pasteurella haemolytica).The use of antibiotic therapy is essential.Because it is a bacterium present and frequent in cattle, there is no way to liquidate it and in this case we must only control its population.In other words, antibiotic-based products must be those with bacteriostatic characteristics, such as those based on oxytetracillin, florfenicol, doxycyclines, among others.These, in turn, should be administered following the manufacturers' recommendations and always with the guidance of professionals in the area, such as veterinarians.And as it is known that every infection is always associated with inflammation, for better antimicrobial action, the use of anti-inflammatory is essential.However, there are several anti-inflammatory products on the market.Those that act on inflammation and the gastrointestinal tract (those that act on COX1 and COX2 of inflammation) such as diclofenac sodium, flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone drugs that, if used for more than 3 to 5 days, can cause lesions gastric contents and, therefore, longer time to return to production.And those based on meloxicam, selective only for COX2, that is, it acts strictly on the inflamed site, without any impact on the gastrointestinal tract and, thus, allows its use for as long as treatment is necessary, exceeding 5 days can reach 10, 15 or 20 days that there will be no type of gastric complication.They are modern products, with greater safety and that bring greater comfort and well-being to animals.After treating the patients, let's go to the forms of prevention.The use of sprinklers installed to reduce dust, quarantine on the property in case of newly acquired animals, compliance with the periods of adaptation to new managements, in an attempt to reduce stress and respiratory vaccines, are measures that bring greater security to cattle breeders, whether beef or dairy, and help to reduce respiratory conditions on the property.However, taking the preventive measures described, we are partially cautious, because as we do not control the climatic factors, whenever there are large thermal amplitudes, such as the ones we have recently passed, pay extra attention to the sanitary round of the animal paddocks and, at the slightest clinical sign presented, you already know what to do: separate the animals, take them to the handling pen and administer antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs to them.So your animal and your investment will be really protected.To stay up to date and on top of everything that is happening in the cattle, commodities and agricultural machinery sector, access the free digital edition of Bovines, Grains and Machines.Exzolt 5% – the new era of livestock#EsseAgroÉOur campaign is launched at Expointer 2022Champions Parade consecrates livestock developed in BrazilYour email address will not be published.Mandatory fields are marked with *Please enter the answer in digits: 1 × 3 =Notify me of new comments by email.Notify me of new publications by email.In a context of high dollar, rising inflation, intensified by the drought in the last harvest and the conflict in Eastern Europe, the bucket overflowed, triggering a crisis in the dairy sector as a result of the successive rise in production costs, especially in feed components.It is no secret that Brazilian dairy farming lives between ups and downs, however, with the arrival of the pandemic two years ago, the instability that the producer lives in the sector became even more evident.In a context of high dollar, rising inflation, intensified by the drought in the last harvest and the conflict in Eastern Europe, the bucket overflowed, triggering a crisis in the dairy sector as a result of the successive rise in production costs, especially in feed components.This scenario made many producers rethink the activity due to the minimum margin of profitability, leading to a reduction in milk collection in the country, which reduced the offer of the product in the domestic market by 10 million liters per day in the first months of this year. year, a situation that boosted prices on supermarket shelves, reaching levels never before reached, between R$7 and R$10.President of the Brazilian Association of Milk Producers (Abraleite), Geraldo Borges: “We hope for the best, we are working towards it, but the scenario is uncertain” – Photo: Disclosure/Abraleite“The low availability of milk in the country is largely due to the lack of incentive for producers due to consecutive increases in production costs, with the prices of inputs having a much greater correction than the price paid to the producer, including milk sold on the shelves, linked to the advance of the off-season period and the reduction of investments in the activity”, evaluated the president of the Brazilian Association of Milk Producers (Abraleite), Geraldo Borges, in an interview with the newspaper O Presente Rural in early August.According to him, the generalized drop in milk supply during the first half of the year was also present at the world level, with a sharp departure of producers or a reduction in the production of those who still remain in the activity.“What we have noticed, as an entity representing the sector, is that milk is one of the chains that suffered a lot from the rise in inputs, because we use both agricultural inputs used for agriculture, including mineral supplementation and fertilizers, as well as supplies that farmers don't use it, like grain, especially corn, the main food of the cattle herd, and that went to heights”, explains the president of Abraleite.Price paid to producerAt the beginning of August, the price received for the production delivered in June reached R$ 3.19/liter in the Brazilian average, an increase of 24.7% above the average recorded in the same period last year, accumulating a real appreciation of 42.7% since January, according to data released by the Center for Advanced Studies in Applied Economics (Cepea-Esalq/USP).On the other hand, milk on the spot market appreciated, reaching R$ 4.55/liter in July.The combination of low inventories and the increase in the cost of raw materials made the prices of dairy products soar in June.Amid the general growth of prices along the chain, ICPLeite/Embrapa indicates that the cost of production of dairy farming fell by 2.6% in June, driven by the drop in the cost of feeding the herd (feed and forage).On the other hand, the consulting firm Radar Agro of Itaú BBA notes that, for the industry, despite the lower supply of raw material and the consequent dispute between dairy products, which was reflected in spot market prices, wholesale dairy products also had a strong impact. high in recent months to the final consumer.In the last 12 months, boxed UHT milk rose 31.94% for the consumer, mozzarella cheese 14.95%, and 400g powdered milk rose 10.53%, all above the measured annual inflation by the Broad National Consumer Price Index (IPCA), which is at 10%.“This expressive increase is explained by the smaller supply of milk in the field and by the greater dispute of the dairy industries for the purchase of raw material for the production of dairy products, to try to avoid idle capacity of their plants”, report the analysts of Cepea-Esalq /USP.According to Radar Agro consultants, the exchange ratios of milk with inputs in the first quarter were challenging for the rancher in Rio Grande do Sul, who needed a volume close to 50 liters to acquire a 60 kg bag of corn.However, the recent drops in grain prices favored the activity, combined with the rise in the price paid to the producer, provided an improvement in purchasing power throughout the country, lowering to 35 liters of milk a bag of corn.However, the average for the year is still high, at 41 liters per bag.“This improvement in the exchange ratio can result in a resumption of investment and favor a faster recovery of production”, points out Cepea-Esalq/USP.Falling imports and exportsThe increase in imports is linked to the lower supply of milk in the domestic market and the sharp rise in Brazilian dairy prices, which favored greater competitiveness of international products in the domestic market.In the first half, 365.4 million liters of milk equivalent were imported, down 34.41% over the same period last year.And the total exported in the first six months of the year was 90.16 million liters in milk equivalent, 8.11% less than the amount sold in the same period last year.In relation to supply, Radar Agro consultants believe that production gains a new incentive with the return of rains in the South region during spring 2022, extending to the Southeast of the country, in addition to a possible reaction in the capture in view of the improvement in the exchange to the producer.“The arrival of a good second crop of corn with relief in cereal prices will help the milk producer to gradually increase the supply until the return of the rains, when production conditions improve even more.A point of attention is the scenario of La Niña strengthening for the last quarter, which gives rise to greater attention on the South region”, reinforces Radar Agro.Due to the country's economic instability as a result of the impacts caused by Covid-19, inflation and because it is an election year, the president of Abraleite says that it is difficult to make an optimistic forecast to improve the profitability of the rancher.“We hope for the best, we are working towards it, but the scenario is uncertain, there is no way to make a market forecast in a globalized economy like the one we live in today and at a time when the world is experiencing difficulties in the economy of its countries.Furthermore, the electoral period in Brazil 'brakes' the progress of many agendas in the Legislative and Executive in Brasília”, highlights Borges.Abraleite's president recalls that the milk chain is composed of three links: producer, industry and consumer, who need to sit at the table more often to promote the convergence of the activity.“There needs to be coherence between the links, with more united producers, industry, dairy products and cooperatives aligned in their objectives, so that the sector can walk together in order to develop a more organized dairy nation, with a view to being a player of dairy exports like Brazil is already in other chains”, envisions Borges.To stay up to date and on top of everything that is happening in the cattle, commodities and agricultural machinery sector, access the free digital edition of Bovines, Grains and Machines.With the 2021/2022 crop of 7.7 million tons, wheat has been establishing itself among the main Brazilian commodities as it conquers more and more space in the country's crops.With the 2021/2022 crop of 7.7 million tons, wheat has been establishing itself among the main Brazilian commodities as it conquers more and more space in the country's crops.The production record is the result of an increase in the area produced by 182 thousand hectares and a productivity of over three thousand tons per hectare, according to data from the National Supply Company (Conab).With an estimate of exporting six million tons and importing another three million tons, the final cereal stocks total 722,600 tons.The winter harvest is already underway in the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul and the forecast is for a new record, reaching a production of 9.2 million tons.With this volume, the growth in the wheat harvest could reach 75% compared to the 2019 harvest, when a production of 5.1 million tons was recorded.For the crop that begins, the expectation is that the stock will end at 1.6 million tons.According to Conab, the expected increase of 19.3% in the current crop is a reflection of a larger planted area, with significant growth in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, which reaches 18% compared to the previous crop, combined with an expectation of increased productivity. .Prices in the international scenario should remain high throughout the 2022/2023 harvest, due to the tighter global balance of the last eight harvests and with ports of important origins with limited physical availability.In the Black Sea, the region with the highest concentration of exportable wheat, the volume to be produced and the pace of exports are still uncertain, due to the continuation of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and especially the global sanctions applied to the Russians.“In relation to the Ukrainian territory, the interruption of this flow of exports already covers three crops: the stored one (2020/2021), the planted one (2021/2022) and the next one (2022/2023), since, in addition to logistics, the operations within the properties were restricted and should further limit the cereal supply in a very fair balance sheet scenario”, evaluates the consultancy Radar Agro of Itaú BBA.StoneX Brasil Market Intelligence Specialist, Ana Luiza Lodi: “Brazil is very dependent on the foreign market, even with good production, because domestic consumption exceeds 12 million tons” Photo: – Disclosure/StoneX BrasilAccording to StoneX Brasil's Market Intelligence specialist, Ana Luiza Lodi, the availability of grain in the international market is lower due to lower stocks, however, in general, the mills are supplied to meet the demand until the entry of the new crop on the market, when the availability of cereal supply increases.However, Russia's war in Ukraine has caused very high volatility in prices, a scenario that could trigger a tighter balance between world wheat supply and demand in the coming weeks.“Due to the war, the perspective is that Ukraine will produce less wheat than its production capacity, at the same time that it will have to sell less grain, generating a significant impact on prices, but it is still too early to say if there will be a shortage of wheat, in the In general, what we perceive is a lower supply”, explains Ana, adding: “With the lower stock, the price tends to rise to adjust supply to demand.And as Brazil depends on wheat imports, it will feel the weakening of exports, because most of the wheat we buy comes from Argentina and the country, in recent years, has diversified the destination of exports, that is, in a possible scenario of shortage of cereal would increase competition for these exports”, points out Ana.Another issue raised by StoneX Brasil's Market Intelligence specialist is with the global macroeconomic issue, which could generate a possible economic slowdown around the world, and could even trigger a probable recession.“As central banks raise interest rates to fight inflation, which is present in Brazil, the United States, Europe and Asia, for example, but the general rise in prices is a contractionary measure, which tends to negatively impact the economy.This is an issue that has not only affected wheat, but also commodity exports in general, because there is concern that we may have a weak economic performance”, summarizes Ana.On the demand side, the R$89.1 billion increase in the economy of the Auxílio Brasil program will boost the purchasing power of 20.2 million Brazilian families.With this, market analysts envision an increase in the consumption of flour.Exportation and importationExports, on the other hand, can maintain another year with intense flow at ports due to global demand for the cereal and the risk of shortages in some important importers due to limited availability.From January to June, 3.2 million tons of wheat were imported, and in July alone the country shipped 499,500 tons.“Brazil is very dependent on the foreign market, even though it has good production, because domestic consumption exceeds 12 million tons, and part of the production is exported, not entirely in the domestic market”, says Ana.Radar Agro predicts another positive year of margins for the producer.Despite the projected record harvest for Brazil, prices will tend to remain at high levels since the export dynamics should boost volumes, and with that, marketing at harvest time will be disputed by mills and trading companies, and, in this scenario of greater competition, it is the producer who can win, with better prices.To stay up to date and on top of everything that is happening in the cattle, commodities and agricultural machinery sector, access the free digital edition of Bovines, Grains and Machines.The average value of a bag of soybeans in the first four months of the year on the Chicago Stock Exchange was 14% higher when compared to the same period last year.In Sorriso (MT), it was 8.8% more when compared to the previous harvest.With a favorable climate for soybean development, StoneX Brasil released its first estimate for the 2022/23 crop, projecting a historic production of 152.6 million tons, 20% higher than the last crop.The consultancy also foresees an increase in cultivated area by 42.9 million hectares, an increase of 3.9%, with the recovery of lost productivity in the last harvest due to the severe drought that occurred at the end of last year in the southern region of the country and in part of Mato Grosso do Sul.StoneX Brazil Market Intelligence Specialist Ana Luiza Lodi: ““We are very optimistic, but we need to monitor the climate to see if we are going to be successful and achieve this super harvest” – Photo: Disclosure/StonexStoneX Brasil Market Intelligence specialist Ana Luiza Lodi said in an interview with the newspaper O Presente Rural that the prospects are very favorable for the next crop, different from the scenario found in the 2021/22 crop.“We are very optimistic, but we need to monitor the climate to see if we can succeed and achieve this super harvest.The outlook is quite positive,” she praised.According to the professional, the effects of La Niña added to the impacts of the conflict in Eastern Europe and the crop failure in South America triggered tight stocks in Brazil and in the world.“Weather conditions have drastically affected crops, reducing productivity and generating significant drops, which has reduced soybean stocks on the international market, associated with the retention of grain loads from Ukraine, which is in talks to export its product” , mentions the specialist.On average for Brazil in 2021/22, productivity per hectare was 50.5 bags, a reduction of 14.1% compared to the previous crop, which frustrated expectations, resulting in a total production of 124 million tons, 10 .2% lower than the previous crop, even with a 4.4% increase in planted area, according to information from the National Supply Company (Conab).According to the consultancy Radar Agro from Itaú, Brazilian farmers were once again benefited by the increase in oilseed prices compared to last season.The average value of a bag of soybeans in the first four months of the year on the Chicago Stock Exchange was 14% higher when compared to the same period last year.In Sorriso (MT), it was 8.8% more when compared to the previous harvest.The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) revised upwards the figures for the 2022/23 US soybean crop, pointing to a forecasted production of 123.31 million tons, with a yield of 58.17 bags per hectare.And world soybean production is expected to reach 392.79 million tonnes, an increase of 11.3%, bringing ending stocks to 101.41 million tonnes.The municipality also estimates Brazilian production of around 149 million tons, while forecasting 51 million tons for Argentina and 18.4 million tons for China.In turn, the consultancy Radar Agro predicts an oilseed growth of 2% in the production of the United States, which favors the crop in South America, which could reach 208 million tons, an increase of 20% over the previous crop.Even so, the stock/use ratio should fluctuate around 26%, a level below previous harvests, although higher than in the 2021/22 harvest.“With regard to production in Brazil, it is expected that the numbers will return to levels higher than those of the 2020/21 crop, reaching a record volume of 149 million tons.Our scenario assumes a 2% growth in the planted area and productivity levels close to those observed in 2020/21”, explain the consultants at Visão Agro.Regarding the availability of fertilizers and the high prices of the input, which could lead to a reduction in its use in the 2022/23 harvest, market consultants analyze that the levels of fertilizer stocks in the soil with minimal applications will allow Brazilian crops to reach good levels of productivity if major climatic shocks do not occur.Consumption of grain in the domestic marketAccording to Radar Agro, grain consumption in the domestic market is expected to grow, driven by increased feed production and the search for vegetable oils, either for exports or in the wake of a possible recomposition of the blend of biodiesel in diesel in the local market. .“Considering that exports could reach 88 million tons, our first projections show that transit stocks should increase again, which, consequently, could limit the value of premiums at ports in Brazil”, estimate Itaú BBA consultants. .Market consultants point to good margins for producers in the 2022/23 crop, however lower than those observed in the previous crop.“The cost of production remains high, but the producer is managing to maintain a positive margin, he will face a risk if he eventually has a problem related to the weather that will make him lose a greater amount of money, this is a point of attention that producers need to have”, points out Ana.“As much as we expect an increase in costs due to the increase in prices in dollars of pesticides and fertilizers, in addition to the increase in diesel and labor expenses, the tight balance sheets should leave little room for abrupt drops in prices, ensuring good profitability ”, emphasize the Radar Agro consultants.In the domestic market, prices remained firm on average in the first half of the year compared to the same period last year, despite the arrival of the first crop, whose total production was affected by drought and high temperatures in the South region, and the scenario of good development of the off-season, which according to Conab, should total 88 million tons, although some production belts have also faced challenges for the development of the crop.“Our perspective is that corn prices in Chicago will also remain firm in the 2022/23 crop, given the perspective of a relationship between supply and demand still at tight levels with global production being impacted by the reduction of corn area in the United States and the fall production in Ukraine, which, according to the USDA, should fall by 15%”, envision the Radar Agro consultants.To stay up to date and on top of everything that is happening in the cattle, commodities and agricultural machinery sector, access the free digital edition of Bovines, Grains and Machines.Subscribe to our newsletter and receive the main news in your email.Telephone (45) 3254-1842 |Copyright © 2018 Editora O Presente |Data Officer - DPO: Flavio Ervino Schmidt - flavio@schmidt.adv.br - OAB/PR 27.959